全国雾霾频发原因分析

时间：2015-12-22

	山西TT高臭氧紫外线灯/整理
Shanxi TT high ozone ultraviolet 
light / finishing


	12月19日8时30分，中国气象局启动重大气象灾害（霾）三级应急响应。*气象台19日18时发布霾橙色预警，同时环保部与中国气象局继续联合发布京津冀及周边地区重污染天气预报：预计，19日夜间至23日，北京大部、天津西部、河北中南部、山东西部、山西南部、河南中北部等地将有持续重污染天气，其中，北京南部、河北中南部、山东西部、河南北部等地部分时段可达严重污染。
8:30 
on December 19th, China Meteorological Bureau launched a major meteorological 
disasters (haze) three emergency response. The central meteorological station 
18, 19 issued orange haze warning. At the same time, environmental protection 
department and the China Meteorological Administration continue to jointly 
issued in Beijing, Tianjin and surrounding areas of heavy pollution weather 
forecast: it is estimated that, 19 night to 23, Beijing, Tianjin west, central 
and Southern Hebei, western Shandong, southern Shanxi, Northern Henan and other 
places will have sustained heavy pollution weather, among them, Beijing 
Southern, middle and south of Hebei Province, in the west of Shandong Province, 
in Northern Henan periods up to serious 
pollution.

而**日，北京市已经在相隔十天后，再次启动空气重污染红色预警。自11月以来，京津冀雾霾频发，多地蓝色、黄色、橙色、红色预警齐齐亮相。据气象部门统计显示，11月以来京津冀地区出现3次大范围雾霾天气过程，分别发生在11月12日—14日、11月27日—12月1日、12月6日—10日。
The 
day before, Beijing city has been separated by ten days, once again re start the 
red warning of air pollution. Since November, Beijing, Tianjin and haze 
frequent, and more blue, yellow, orange, red alert Qi Qi debut. According to the 
meteorological department statistics show that since November, Beijing, Tianjin 
and Hebei region has 3 large scale haze weather process, respectively, in 
November 12th - 14, November 27th - December 1st, December 6th - 10 
days.

长期来看，雾霾形成当然离不开日积月累的燃煤污染、汽车尾气排放、工业污染等贡献，但近期雾霾频发，不利的气象因素也起了重要作用。
In 
the long run, the haze formation course is inseparable from the accumulation of 
coal-burning pollution, automobile exhaust emissions, industrial pollution and 
other contributions, but the recent frequency of haze, adverse weather factors 
also played a 
role.

国家气候中心*分析，平均风速小、小风日数多，易造成污染物在近地面层积聚，“缺风”是雾霾猖獗的首要原因，而且冬季“缺风”几乎已是近年来的常态，与近5年同期相比，今年尤甚。
National 
Climate Center for expert analysis, mean wind speed, wind, multiple, easy cause 
pollutants in the near surface layer accumulation, "lack of wind" is the primary 
cause of rampant haze, and in the winter the lack of wind "is almost normal in 
recent years, and over the same period in the last five years compared, 
particularly this 
year.

再者，空气相对湿度大，也为雾霾滋长提供了温床。京津冀地区平均相对湿度73.8％，较常年同期（61.0％）偏高21％；其中，北京平均相对湿度70.9％，较常年同期（52.2％）偏高36％。相对湿度大，易造成污染物吸湿增长，加速污染物的化学转化。11月30日京津冀地区相对湿度达到80％至90％，致使空气污染程度迅速加重。
Moreover, 
the relative humidity of the air, but also to provide a breeding ground for the 
growth of haze. Beijing, Tianjin region, the average relative humidity of 73.8%, 
compared with the same period (61%) on the high side of 21%; of which, the 
average relative humidity of 70.9%, compared with the same period (52.2%) over 
the same period 36%. The relative humidity is big, easy to cause the pollution 
of the moisture absorption, the acceleration of the chemical conversion of 
pollutants. November 30th Beijing, Tianjin and the relative humidity of 80% to 
90%, resulting in a rapid increase in the degree of air 
pollution.

大气流通本可在一定程度上驱散雾霾，但近期京津冀偏偏赶上静稳天气多，大气环境容量总体偏差。据统计，11月以来，京津冀地区平均大气环境容量较近10年同期偏低18％，北京偏低24％。11月27日—30日，北京市大气环境容量较近10年同期偏小86％，平均混合层高度仅为124米。大气环境容量小、混合层高度低，大气对污染物的清除能力大幅度降低，致使大气污染物不断累积，空气质量出现连续3天严重污染和1天重度污染。12月6日—10日大气环境容量较近10年同期偏低89％。
Atmospheric 
circulation can be to some extent to disperse the haze, but recently, Beijing, 
Tianjin and Hebei are just to catch up with the static and stable weather, the 
overall atmospheric environmental capacity. According to statistics, since 
November, the average atmospheric environment capacity of Beijing, Tianjin and 
Hebei region over the same period in the past 10 years, the low 18%, Beijing low 
24%. November 27th - 30, Beijing City, the atmospheric environmental capacity of 
the same period in the past 10 years, the average mixed layer height of only 124 
meters. The atmospheric environmental capacity is small, the mixed layer height 
is low, the air pollution capacity of the pollutant is reduced, which leads to 
the accumulation of air pollutants, the air quality is 3 days in a row and 1 
days of severe pollution. December 6th - 10, the atmospheric environment 
capacity is relatively low in the past 10 years, 
89%.

除此之外，不利主导风向的传输作用加重污染程度。前两次重污染过程期间，不仅地面风速小，而且低层大气盛行东南风气流，这使得外源污染物向京津冀一带输送，反倒加重了污染程度。
In 
addition, the adverse leading direction of the transmission of the role of 
pollution levels. During the first two heavy pollution process, not only the 
surface wind speed is small, but also the low level of the atmosphere is 
prevailing in the southeast, which makes the transportation of exogenous 
pollutants to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei area, but also increased the pollution 
degree.

气象*表示，尽管厄尔尼诺的持续发展对京津冀雾霾天气多发没有直接的影响，但可以通过影响副热带高压系统和东亚冬季风强度等对中高纬大气环流系统产生影响，使得冷空气活动少、强度偏弱，不利于大气污染物扩散的气象条件随之增多。
Meteorological 
experts said that although El Nino's sustainable development of Beijing, Tianjin 
and haze weather multiple no direct effect, but can affect the in the mid high 
latitude atmospheric circulation system through the influence of the subtropical 
high system and East Asian winter monsoon intensity, the cold air activity, 
strength of the weak, is not conducive to the weather conditions of atmospheric 
pollutants diffusion is 
increased.

国家气候中心预计，今年冬季，华北气温明显**常年同期，华北南部降水偏少2—5成、局地偏少5成以上，华北、黄淮、江淮等地雾霾日数较常年同期将明显偏多。
National 
Climate Center is expected this year, North China temperatures were 
significantly higher than the same period of the year, the South China 
precipitation is less than 2 - 5 into, local 5 into more than, North China, 
Huang Huai, and other places haze days over the same period will be 
significantly more than the same period.

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