00832英语词汇学**重点

时间：2021-03-17

考点 1：The Definition of the Word

A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.

考点 2：The Relationships between the Sound and Meaning

A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world. ① arbitrary ; ② conventional

考点 3：Principles of words classification

Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.

考点 4：Characteristics of Basic Word Stock ★★★

1) All national character; 2) Stability; 3) Productivity; 4) Polysemy; 5) Collocability

考点 5：Nonbasic Vocabulary (非基本词汇) ★★★★

Terminology; ② Jargon; ③ Slang; ④ Argot; ⑤ Dialectal words; ⑥ Archaisms; ⑦

Neologisms

考点 6：Borrowed Words

According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four classes: ① Denizens(同化词)② Aliens(外来语词)③ Translation-loans（译借词）④ Semantic-loans（借义词）

考点 7：The Indo-European Language Family ★★★★

The Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly inflected language.

They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and a Western set.

考点 8：Main sources of new words

the rapid development of modern science and technology;

social, economic and political changes;

the influence of other cultures and languages.

考点 9：Three channels of modern English vocabulary ★★★

Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes

and other elements.

Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.

Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times.

考点 10：The Definition of Morphemes

These minimal meaningful units are known as morphemes.

考点 11：The Definition of Allomorphs

Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such

alternative morphs are known as allomorphs.

考点 12：Free Morphemes

Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.

考点 13：Bound Morphemes

Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.

考点 14：Root : The basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.

考点 15：Stem: a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.

考点 16： Prefixation（前缀法）★★★★

Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.

考点 17：Suffixation（后缀法）★★★★

Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems.

考点 18：The Definition of Conversion ★★★

Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift.

考点 19：The concept of blending（拼缀法的概念）★★★

Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words.

考点 20：Clipping

Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead.

考点 21：Acronymy

Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. ① Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter. ② Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.

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